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add okada modelling and pseudo-dynamic rupture model (chapter 10)

Browse Source 
- bugfixes
- refactoring
- docs
feature/orthodrom-crossdist
miili 3 years ago committed by mmetz
parent 1ef1e0a22e
commit acc8e62702
24 changed files with 1310 additions and 333 deletions
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2
doc/source/apps/colosseo/index.rst
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@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ Rectangular fault plane
See also :class:`~pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.RectangularSource`.
.. code-block :: yaml
--- !pf.scenario.RectangularSourceGenerator
# How often the are we rolling the dice for this model
ntries: 10
@ -180,6 +181,7 @@ Pseudo dynamic rupture
See also :class:`~pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.PseudoDynamicRupture`.
.. code-block :: yaml
--- !pf.scenario.PseudoDynamicRuptureGenerator
# How often the are we rolling the dice for this model
ntries: 10

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doc/source/library/examples/scenario_custom.rst
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@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
Create a custom earthquake scenario
-----------------------------------

7
doc/source/library/reference/gf.rst
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@ -32,6 +32,13 @@
:members:
:show-inheritance:
``gf.tractions``
----------------
.. automodule:: pyrocko.gf.tractions
:members:
:show-inheritance:
``gf.meta``
-----------

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doc/source/static/pseudo-dynamic-flow.odg
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doc/source/static/pseudo-dynamic-flow.svg
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doc/source/topics/index.rst
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@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ Here we explain the use of the pyrocko software toolbox for particular problems.
:maxdepth: 2
pyrocko-gf
pseudo-dynamic-rupture

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doc/source/topics/pseudo-dynamic-rupture.rst
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**************************************************************************
Pseudo Dynamic Rupture - *A stress-based self-similar finite source model*
**************************************************************************
Introduction
============
Physics-based, dynamic rupture models, which rely on few parameters only, are needed to allow a realistic forward modelling and to reduce the effort and non-uniqueness of the inversion. The ``PseudoDynamicRupture`` is a simplified, dynamic, semi-analytical rupture model suited for wavefield and static displacement simulations and earthquake source inversion. The rupture builds on the class of self-similar crack models. On one hand it is approximative as it neglects inertia and so far the details of frictional effects, and treats the rupture front growth in a simplified way. On the other hand, it is complete as the slip fulfils the boundary condition on the broken plane for every instantaneous rupture front geometry and applied stress.
.. contents :: Content
:depth: 3
Source Implementation details
=============================
.. figure :: /static/pseudo-dynamic-flow.svg
:align: center
:width: 90%
:alt: Flowchart calculation of the pseudo dynamic rupture.
Flowchart illustrating the implementation of the ``PseudoDynamicRupture`` in Pyrocko-GF.
Pyrocko-GF source usage
=======================
The ``PseudoDynamicRupture`` can be used a any other source model in Pyrocko-GF for forward modelling synthetic waveforms or static surface displacements.
Traction and stress field parametrisation
-----------------------------------------
The rupture plane can be exposed to different stress/traction field models and abstract modifiers to these fields. These fields can be used independently or be combined into a composition model.
Traction models:
* :class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.UniformTractions`
* :class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.HomogeneousTractions`
Abstract traction models, modifying the the traction model:
* :class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.RectangularTaper`
* :class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.DepthTaper`
Forward calculation of waveforms and static displacement
--------------------------------------------------------
Details how the source model can be used in Pyrocko-GF can are layed out in :doc:`pyrocko-gf`.
Derived source parameters and plotting
======================================
Slip distribution
-----------------
Rupture evolution
-----------------
Moment rate function
--------------------
Radiated seismic energy
-----------------------
Stress intensity
----------------

57
doc/source/topics/pyrocko-gf.rst
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@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
**********************************************************************************
Pyrocko-GF - *Geophysical forward modelling with pre-calculated Green’s functions*
==================================================================================
**********************************************************************************
Introduction
------------
============
Many seismological methods make use of numerically calculated Green’s
functions (GFs). Often these are required for a vast number of combinations of source
@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ tool").
:depth: 2
Media models
------------
============
Where Pyrocko uses layered 1D earth models in the calculation of GFs it uses the `TauP <https://www.seis.sc.edu/downloads/TauP/taup.pdf>`_ :file:`.nd` (named discontinuity) format. These files are ascii tables with the following columns:
@ -46,15 +47,15 @@ Where Pyrocko uses layered 1D earth models in the calculation of GFs it uses the
The :doc:`fomosto <../apps/fomosto/index>` application description holds an exemplary earth model configuration. Users can define own input models before calculation. Also a number of predefined common variations of AK135 and PREM models are available. They can be listed and inspected using the :doc:`cake <../apps/cake/index>` command line tool.
Green’s function stores
-----------------------
=======================
GF pre-calculation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
------------------
Calculating and managing Pyrocko-GF stores is accomplished by Pyrocko’s :program:`fomosto` application. More details how GF stores are set-up and calculated can be found in the :doc:`fomosto tutorial <../apps/fomosto/tutorial>`.
Downloading GF stores
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
---------------------
Calculating and quality checking GF stores is a time consuming task. Many pre-calculated stores can be downloaded from our online repository, the `Green's mill (greens-mill.pyrocko.org) <https://greens-mill.pyrocko.org>`_.
@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ The available stores include dynamic stores for simulating waveforms at global a
fomosto download kinherd global_2s_25km
Using GF Stores
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
---------------
GF stores are accessed for forward modelling by the Pyrocko-GF :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Engine`. Here is how we can start-up the engine for modelling:
@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ GF stores are accessed for forward modelling by the Pyrocko-GF :py:class:`~pyroc
A complete list of arguments can be found in the library reference, :class:`~pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.LocalEngine`.
Source models
-------------
=============
Pyrocko-GF supports the simulation of various dislocation sources, focused on
earthquake and volcano studies.
@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ earthquake and volcano studies.
Multiple sources can be combined through the :class:`~pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.CombiSource` object.
Point sources
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-------------
For convenience, different parameterizations of seismological moment tensor
point sources are available.
@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ point sources are available.
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Finite sources
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
--------------
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Source | Short description |
@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ First import the Pyrocko-GF framework with
Explosion source
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
----------------
.. figure :: /static/source-explosion.svg
:width: 20%
@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ An isotropic explosion point source, which can also be used for dislocations due
explosion = gf.ExplosionSource(lat=42., lon=22., depth=8e3, volume_change=5e8)
Double couple
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-------------
.. figure :: /static/source-doublecouple.svg
:width: 20%
@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ A double-couple point source, describing shear ruptures.
dc_source = gf.DCSource(lat=54., lon=7., depth=5e3, strike=33., dip=20., rake=80.)
Moment tensor
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-------------
.. figure :: /static/source-mt.svg
:width: 20%
@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ A moment tensor point source. This is the most complete form of describing an en
mt_source = MTSource.from_pyrocko_event(event)
CLVD source
~~~~~~~~~~~
-----------
.. figure :: /static/source-clvd.svg
:width: 20%
@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ A compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) point source.
lat=48., lon=17., depth=5e3, dip=31., depth=5e3, azimuth=83.)
VLVD source
~~~~~~~~~~~
-----------
A volumetric linear vector dipole, a uniaxial rotational symmetric moment tensor source. This source can be used to constrain sill or dyke like volume dislocation.
@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ A volumetric linear vector dipole, a uniaxial rotational symmetric moment tensor
volume_change=1e9, clvd_moment=20e9, dip=10., azimuth=110.)
Rectangular fault
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-----------------
.. figure :: /static/source-rectangular.svg
:width: 40%
@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ Classical Haskell finite source model, modified for bilateral rupture.
width=3*km, length=8*km, slip=2.3)
Ring fault
~~~~~~~~~~
----------
A ring fault with vertical double couples. Ring faults can describe volcanic processes, e.g. caldera collapses.
@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ A ring fault with vertical double couples. Ring faults can describe volcanic pro
Source Time Functions
---------------------
=====================
Source time functions describe the normalized moment rate of a source point as a function of time. A number of source time functions (STF) are available and can be applied in pre- or post-processing. If no specific STF is defined a unit pulse response is assumed.
@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ Source time functions describe the normalized moment rate of a source point as a
+--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+
Boxcar STF
~~~~~~~~~~
----------
.. figure :: /static/stf-BoxcarSTF.svg
:align: center
@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ surrounding it (:math:`\Delta t` is the sampling interval).
stf = gf.BoxcarSTF(5., center=0.)
Triangular STF
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
--------------
.. figure :: /static/stf-TriangularSTF.svg
:align: center
@ -314,7 +315,7 @@ A triangular shaped source time function. It can be made asymmetric.
stf = gf.TriangularSTF(5., peak_ratio=0.5, center=0.)
Half sinusoid STF
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-----------------
.. figure :: /static/stf-HalfSinusoidSTF.svg
:align: center
@ -328,7 +329,7 @@ A half-sinusoid source time function.
stf = gf.HalfSinusoidSTF(5., center=0.)
Resonator STF
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-------------
.. figure :: /static/stf-ResonatorSTF.svg
:align: center
@ -340,7 +341,7 @@ Resonator STF
stf = gf.ResonatorSTF(5., frequency=1.0)
Modelling targets
-----------------
=================
Pyrocko-GF :py:class:`Targets <pyrocko.gf.targets.Target>` are data structures
holding observer properties to tell the framework what we want to model, e.g.
@ -359,7 +360,7 @@ interpolate the discrete, gridded GF components. Please also see the
Waveforms
~~~~~~~~~
---------
Objects of the class :class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target` are used to calculate
seismic waveforms. They define the geographical location (e.g. the station),
@ -384,7 +385,7 @@ See the :doc:`forward modelling example <../library/examples/gf_forward>` for
a complete Python script and further explanation.
Static surface displacements
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
----------------------------
Modelling of step-like surface displacements is configured with
:class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.StaticTarget` objects. The resulting displacements
@ -435,7 +436,7 @@ The :class:`~pyrocko.gf.GNSSCampaignTarget` defines station locations and the
three components: east, north and up.
Forward modelling with Pyrocko-GF
---------------------------------
=================================
Forward modelling, given a source and target description, is handled in the
so-called :class:`~pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Engine` using the
@ -454,7 +455,7 @@ stores for dynamic targets and static stores for static targets.
Forward modelling dynamic waveforms
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-----------------------------------
For waveform targets, Pyrocko :py:class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` objects
representing the resulting waveforms can be obtained from the engine's
@ -478,7 +479,7 @@ response.
Forward modelling static surface displacements
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
----------------------------------------------
For static targets, the results are retrieved in the following way:

1
src/dataset/topo/dataset.py
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@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ class TiledGlobalDataset(object):
return self.covers(region) and dmin <= d <= dmax
def download_file(self, url, fpath, username=None, password=None):
# TODO: Add logstring
util.download_file(
url, fpath, username, password,
status_callback=get_download_callback(

4
src/fomosto/ahfullgreen.py
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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import math
import signal
from pyrocko import trace, cake, gf
from pyrocko.ahfullgreen import add_seismogram, Impulse
from pyrocko.ahfullgreen import add_seismogram, Impulse, Gauss
from pyrocko.moment_tensor import MomentTensor, symmat6
km = 1000.
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def make_traces(material, source_mech, deltat, norths, easts,
material.vp, material.vs, material.rho, material.qp, material.qs,
x, f, m6, 'displacement',
deltat, tmin, outx, outy, outz,
stf=Impulse())
stf=Gauss(tau=1.))
for i_comp, o in enumerate((outx, outy, outz)):
comp = components[i_comp]

10
src/gf/ext/store_ext.c
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@ -1073,7 +1073,6 @@ static store_error_t store_calc_timeseries(
float64_t ws_this[NCOMPONENTS_MAX*NSUMMANDS_MAX];
uint64_t irecord_bases[VICINITY_NIP_MAX];
float64_t weights_ip[VICINITY_NIP_MAX];
float64_t weights_sum;
nsummands_max = cscheme->nsummands_max;
nip = mscheme->vicinity_nip;
@ -1091,7 +1090,7 @@ static store_error_t store_calc_timeseries(
shared (store, source_coords, ms, delays, receiver_coords, \
cscheme, mscheme, mapping, interpolation, nip, results, nsources, nsummands_max) \
private (isource, iip, icomponent, isummand, nsummands, irecord_bases, weights_ip, ws_this, \
delay, weight, idelay_floor, idelay_ceil, irecord, trace, result, err, weights_sum) \
delay, weight, idelay_floor, idelay_ceil, irecord, trace, result, err) \
num_threads (nthreads)
{
#pragma omp for schedule (dynamic)
@ -1106,13 +1105,6 @@ static store_error_t store_calc_timeseries(
&receiver_coords[ireceiver*5],
ws_this);
weights_sum = 0.;
for (iip=0; iip<cscheme->ncomponents*cscheme->nsummands_max; iip++)
weights_sum += ws_this[iip];
if (weights_sum == 0.)
continue;
delay = delays[isource];
idelay_floor = (int) floor(delay/deltat);
idelay_ceil = (int) ceil(delay/deltat);

23
src/gf/meta.py
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@ -1318,17 +1318,22 @@ class DiscretizedMTSource(DiscretizedSource):
return sources
def moments(self):
n = self.nelements
moments = num.zeros(n)
for i in range(n):
m = moment_tensor.symmat6(*self.m6s[i])
m_evals = num.linalg.eigh(m)[0]
moments = num.array(
[num.linalg.eigvalsh(moment_tensor.symmat6(*m6))
for m6 in self.m6s])
return num.linalg.norm(moments, axis=1) / num.sqrt(2.)
# incorrect for non-dc sources: !!!!
m0 = num.linalg.norm(m_evals)/math.sqrt(2.)
moments[i] = m0
def get_moment_rate(self, deltat=None):
moments = self.moments()
duration = self.times.max() - self.times.min()
nbins = math.ceil(duration / deltat)
mom_rate, mom_times = num.histogram(
self.times, bins=nbins, weights=moments)
return moments
mom_times = mom_times[:-1] + deltat
return mom_rate, mom_times
def centroid(self):
from pyrocko.gf.seismosizer import MTSource

369
src/gf/seismosizer.py
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@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from pyrocko.model import Location
from pyrocko.modelling import OkadaSource, DislocationInverter
from . import meta, store, ws
from .tractions import TractionField, HomogeneousTractions
from .tractions import TractionField, HomogeneousTractions, DirectedTractions
from .targets import Target, StaticTarget, SatelliteTarget
pjoin = os.path.join
@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ guts_prefix = 'pf'
d2r = math.pi / 180.
r2d = 180. / math.pi
km = 1e3
logger = logging.getLogger('pyrocko.gf.seismosizer')
@ -168,6 +169,7 @@ def discretize_rect_source(deltas, deltat, time, north, east, depth,
anchor, velocity=None, stf=None,
nucleation_x=None, nucleation_y=None,
decimation_factor=1, pointsonly=False,
plane_coords=False,
aggressive_oversampling=False):
if stf is None:
@ -207,9 +209,11 @@ def discretize_rect_source(deltas, deltat, time, north, east, depth,
points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
if plane_coords:
return points, dl, dw, nl, nw
rotmat = num.asarray(
pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
points[:, 0] += north
@ -263,7 +267,7 @@ def check_rect_source_discretisation(points2, nl, nw, store):
interpolation='multilinear')
min_wavelength = vs_profile * (store.config.deltat * 2)
if not num.all(min_wavelength > distances/2):
if not num.all(min_wavelength > distances / 2):
return False
return True
@ -304,11 +308,11 @@ def from_plane_coords(
for x_plane, y_plane in zip(x_plane_coords, y_plane_coords):
points = num.array(
[[-0.5 * ln*x_plane, -0.5 * wd*y_plane, 0.],
[0.5 * ln*x_plane, -0.5 * wd*y_plane, 0.],
[0.5 * ln*x_plane, 0.5 * wd*y_plane, 0.],
[-0.5 * ln*x_plane, 0.5 * wd*y_plane, 0.],
[-0.5 * ln*x_plane, -0.5 * wd*y_plane, 0.]])
[[-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
[0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
[0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
[-0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
[-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.]])
anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
@ -1095,8 +1099,8 @@ class ResonatorSTF(STF):
tmin = math.floor(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
tmax = math.ceil(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
times = util.arange2(tmin, tmax, deltat)
amplitudes = num.exp(-(times-tref)/self.duration) \
* num.sin(2.0 * num.pi * self.frequency * (times-tref))
amplitudes = num.exp(-(times - tref) / self.duration) \
* num.sin(2.0 * num.pi * self.frequency * (times - tref))
return times, amplitudes
@ -1141,7 +1145,7 @@ class Source(Location, Cloneable):
>>> from pyrocko import gf
>>> s = gf.DCSource()
>>> s.update(strike=66., dip=33.)